Islamist and historical Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Islamist and historical - Thesis Example The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, historically, originated from the foundation of Jihadism. Its cornerstone was established in 1744 AD when Bedouin Saud outlaws headed by Mohammad bin Saud initiated an agreement with Muhammad Ibn’ Abd al-Wahhab, an unknown militant Islamist and a supporter of Jihad (Esposito 1992). The agreement was founded on a contract for the formation of a headed Islamic state led by a Saud King. With combination of imperial politics and theology as tactic they instigated an antagonistic Jihad in the Arabian Peninsula and emerged victorious in the violent invasion of non-Wahhabi tribes (Moussalli 1999). Executing a similar tactic they also occupied in 1924 the international hub of Islam, Mecca (Esposito 1992). After the official proclamation of Saudi Arabia in 1932 as an autonomous Kingdom of Saud, the major priority of the monarchy was how to sustain their guardianship of the two most sacred temples of Islam and uphold highest position of the kingdom in the Islamic world (Furnish 2005). In actual fact, due to the lack of a reliable history of becoming the guardian of the most sacred cities of Medina and Mecca, the House of Saud consistently dreaded the non-Wahhabi Islamic militants. As a result, while using Jihad as a continuous tactic they transformed the Kingdom into the headquarters of Islamic fanaticism (Gold 2004). From then on, dominating the Islamic realm under the Wahhabi ideal of traditional Islam it turned into the main programme of its succeeding monarchs for strengthening their status (Gold 2004). After World War II, when there was a steady disintegration in colonial supremacy of the Christian realm, the Kingdom of Saudi became determined to invade the Islamic realm by propag ating Wahhabi Islam and afterward to move towards the extension of Islamist hegemony beyond their protective borders (Crone 2004). Unearthing of a large portion of world oil reserve and its development in partnership with western superpowers not merely

Missouri Compromise 1820 Essay Example for Free

Missouri Compromise 1820 Essay Northerners finally were receiving the outcome that they had wished for with slavery slowly declining at the end of the 18th century. Southern economilcal dependancy on slavery was slowly withering away due to the Act of 1808, stating that by that time slavery would not be allowed. Due to this Southerners were forced to change their means of production and the use of slaves. When the 19th century arrived it brought the invention of the Cotton Gin. This invention, created by Eli Whitney, assisted in speeding the picking of cotton by removing the seed. The only flaw in this was that it relied on even more unskilled labor. Slaves were found perfect for the handlying of this machine: it was easy to manufactor and as easy to work.. From this, Southerners found it now more than ever nessesary to hault the abolition of slavery do to the economic prosperity that lied ahead because of the Cotton Gin. In Southern eyes, slavery was a better choice than free labor. IN the case of using free labor Southerners couldnt be totally dependent on the person because they might demand things such as higher wages. If free laborors were refused what they asked, Southerners faced the risk of them stop working. Because you owned a slave Southerners would never have to worry about such a situation. This threat of prolonging slavery enabled the major conflict between The North and South arise. The Southern view of this conflict was that due to the economical advantages that slavery rbought and the economical disadvantages that an abolition with bring to the states, that the issue of slavery should be considered a nessasary evil. Not only this, but some even believed that slavery was doing blacks a favor. They believed that even in Africa balcks had owners, that they are always fed, and are treated better as slaves then they would be as free blacks. Northerners disreguarded any attempt in justifying such a matter and stood by there point that slavery was not right. Northern abolishnists fought back and said that slavery went again the fundamental priciple on which America was built on; Equality and freeddon. Not only immoral and sinful but went again the Declaration of Independece which clearly states that all men were created equal with no exceptions. The Norths morality and Souths Economic self-interest, and both sides refusal to compromise left the issue in a stalemate. By the North fueling the fire with such articles like The Liberator, inspiring slaves to revolt, and other abolitionist moves, the North forced the south to fight back in order to protect themselved from future revolts and incidence fueled by enraged slaves. The Missouri Compromise made the divide between the North and the South more evident that it had ever been. This compromised, proposed by Henry Clay, declared that Missouri would enter the union as a slave state, but every other state that was North of the Ohio river and Mason-Dixon line. Though this did stop slavery it gradually decreased it. In additon to this another factor was the that all states would be admitted into the union in pairs in order to balance the slave states as well as the free states. Still enraged, Northerners demanded the instant abolishment owed to the moral breach that slavery incompassed. They believed that slaves were being treated and stripped of there rights as a humane being. In American Slavery As It Is the author, Theodore Weld, describes his view on how it really is for the slaves of the south and the treatment they are force to endure by their slaveowners. That their ears are often cut off, their eyes knocked out, their bones broken, their flesh branded with red-hot irons; that they are maimed, mutilated and burned to death over slow firesthat self interest would prompt them to treat their slaved with kindness By writing such things, Weld just encouraged abolitionists to fight harder and harder for their cause. Such cases as the ones he mention cant be said never happened but are surely rare if so. Due to the tone in writng that is used though, wel makes his words harsh and strong which justly, the Southerners take their place to fight back at. In actuality most southerners were not as Weld describe because they realized that the better you treated a slave and healthier it was the more work that it could accomplish for you. Not only this, but due to the harsh rigid tone of his words, Weld, gives whoever is reading this no option towards working out some sort of compromise between North and South but instead just relies on getting thing s done. Abolitionist works, such as The Liberato,r aided in aggravating the South. William Loyd Garrisons The Liberator, was printed as a Boston proabolitionist newspaper in which Garrison referrs to Southerners to being sinners and that slaves should do anything to get out of the miserable situation that they are in, even if that means blacks revolting against their. He as well brings up the issue of blacks being equals with whites. : Assenting to the self-evident truth, and endowed by their Creator with certain enalienable rights-among which are life, liberty, and persuit of happiness. Garrison, here, clearly explicates how by having slaves not be free we are going against everything that the declaration stands for and represents. Some say that Garrisons The Liberator might have even sparked the rebellion led by Nat Turner in which Turner gathers up a group of slaves and killed over fifty white southerners. Southerners were so fearful of more rebellion that it led them to create even harsher rules for slaves. In Federick Douglass Independence Day Speech at Rochester Douglass writes of how white southerners are fearful of blacks and that is the reason why there are such harsh laws against them reading and writing. What is this but the awknowledgment that the slave is amoral, itellectual, and responsible being? Douglasss Articular only further depicts that Southerners were in fear or the capability that blacks would have if they were learned. By keeping slaves ignorant they prevented slaves from reading such abolitionist articles which could fuel an angry mob. Due to a fear of angry mobs and revolts Southerners were foreced to lay stricter rules as Civil Codes and the restriction on abolitionist literature. In Thomas Dews Review of the Debate in the Virginia Legislature Dew discusses how the white race and black race could never coencide because if blacks were free there would just be an array of massacres led by angry blacks. Southerners Spent more time on the issue of protecting themselved from a threat of slave rebellions due to abolitionsit literature sparking rebellions than any other matter. In George Fitzhughs Slavery Justified he discusses further on the matter of slave rebellions and how if black werent slaves their anger would just lead to more crimes and violent incidencs. In the matter of slave abuse he stats that its ridiculous; His feeling for his slave never permits him to stint him in old age. The slaves are all well fed, well clas, have plenty of fuel, and are happy. In response to the accusation of slave owners abusing their slaves, other Southerners replied by saying that incidents such as the ones which Weld discusses are isolated and uncommon. In fact it most cases it is the opposite of circumstances. In Solon Robinsons De Bows Review Robinson takes the opposite stance that Weld takes and says on the contrary that slave owners would never do such abuse to there slaves because they were too valuable to them. Robinson says The Two things that are most despised and hated in the South are masters that abuse and starve and ill-treat their slaves, and abolistionists, who sieze upon every isolated case of the kind As stated before, abolitionist kept on exagerateing the slave situation in order to attempt to speed up the process of getting rid of slavery when they were only furthering it because of Southerners needing to defend themselves against false accusations. Finally besides the matter of slave abuse and the morality of the situation, the South argues that due to the mass production of cotton that slaves help produce, if we abolish slavery America would be in an economic crisis. Because of the low production of cotton that there would be after an emacipation, labor woul be inconsistent, because free workers would be inconsistent and require more and we wouldnt be able to forfill our internation al demand for cotton. In William Harpers Source Problems in the United States History Harper says The cultivation of the grat crops cannot be carried on in any portion of our own country where there are no slavesAnd what would be the eefect of putting an end to the cultivationannihilating,at a blow,two thrids or three fourths of our foreign commerce? From this we can see that slavery was no easy matter and that it too more economic thinking to get rid of Slaves. Perhaps more than the North thought. Though both the South and the North make legitimate reason for their not wanting or wanting the emancipation of slaves, it seems that due to the North the process or reaching compromise was delayed unneccesarily. Instead of thinking about the economical blow emancipation would cause the North ruthlessly kept attacking the Souths morality. The South realized that without slaves for a bit longer they wouldnt be able to make a full economic recovery once emancipation was inacted. But because of the attacks and harsh literature being published by abolitionists, the South spent more time in trying to protect themselves from slaves getting ideas from these works than trying to figure out a plan to resolve the issue with the North. It seems as if the issue could have been quickend if the North hadnt made such quick and damaging attacks.

An argument for Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethical businesses

An argument for Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethical businesses It all started in the eighteen century, with a Scottish philosopher of political economics, Adam Smith, who expressed that the free interaction of organisations and the public would meet the needs and desires of society. This responsibility was then termed Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and started an evolution from the 1950s and further expanded during the 1970s. The evolution and expansion of CSR is a direct result of ever growing economies. Corporate Social Responsibility is a model for incorporating ethical business regulations into the business model. This model provides corporations a framework to embrace a responsibility towards the community, employees, environment and other service users. The three areas of main accounting are as follows; Financial success or profit Contributions to livable environment Contribution to solving social problems. A corporation incorporated each area into their business model and culture, generating growth for all three areas using their framework. An initial financial profit setback will be met when applying the framework, an exception being if the businesses have a direct business involvement with social issues. Regardless of whether business or government, leaders in all sectors have an opportunity to improve current issues and solve business problems. Community needs can be opportunities to utilise business technology and provide collaborative efforts to serve community needs. The Internet revolution has provided the public the chance to empower themselves and with this in mind customers, empowered by the internet, are researching corporate citizenship. The times of word-of-mouth and traditional media sources, such as television, is being surpassed by the number of growing search engines, and the number of customers using the Internet to research companies through independent sources is growing. Corporations should look for new ways to inform consumers about their social responsible actions and should realise that a great number of consumers will be sceptical and will check up on any claims. A company with good CSR policies, which demands that commercial success, be gained through positive practices that aim to promote general welfare, such as more jobs, better salaries, environmentally responsible activity and local interaction, tend to do a lot better then companies who do not. Success, after all, is not only measured in monetary terms but also the corporations impact on the community, on its customers and on the environment. Why bother? There are a number of valid reasons for this question, including that CSR is a good business Ethics. Business ethics regards what is morally right and wrong with a companys activities and behaviours. The likelihood of company to transact without creating some sort of environmental or social impact is very small, might this be of positive or negative impact. A key point of CSR is that it recognises the responsibility that companies have to take into account of those impacts. CSR is a framework for thinking about business ethics, making ethical decisions and working within the law, it says a company responsibilities reach further than just making a profit. Another reason is that CSR means engaging with Stakeholders (people whose lives and livelihoods are impacted by the companys activities). CSR in this case means that a company will make a decision with society (the Stakeholders are a broad and varied group) expectations in mind. Furthermore, the corporation will recognise not only th e opinions but also the values that are important to the Stakeholders and will actively engage with its Stakeholders to understand their aspirations, goals and concerns. There are many different ways a corporation can support a social initiative and still make profits. A good example is the Marriott Corporation (ref), who was motivated by a desire to help the community while still helping the bottom line, by training and hiring 6000 persons on welfare. Marriott was still able to cut costs and increase productivity. It can be in a companys best interest to provide a needed service within a low income area. By incorporating a service that improves the resources and infrastructure of a community, it can offer an economic return for the organisation through recognition or direct community investments. In this sense, a business has an obligation to both profit and serve the community, for all stakeholders involved. This shows that when a company practice in good CSR, it gains better reputation and brand image meaning an extension of better sales, more investors and customer loyalty plate form. This is supported by the survey done by Hill Knowlton/Harris (2001) showed that 91 % of all customer survey said that they would switch to other companies, if the corporation had a negative image. How does CSR work? Corporation Social Responsibility must first be sold as a developing a value proposition to its own board, as it plays an important role in helping to shape and develop the value proposition. A value proposition being the corporeal results a customer gets from using the companys products or services. Aligned with social dimension, this helps provide guidance and direction to utilise the energy and enthusiasm for CSR. By identifying where companies can be socially responsible while continue to pursuit long term competitiveness of its business, companies can utilise the wider community with its own set of expertise. This framework should whilst reinforcing its core business strategies also attempt to transform value chain activities. This is important as local customers are an important source of sales and improving a companys reputation, the company itself will find it easier to recruit workforce and lead a better local authority relation. The best way to assess whether CSR is working and related to the corporation is to set CSR measurability and performance metric (differ for every company). An example of CSR metric are Key Performance indicators (KPIs) using a balance score card to measure factors such as environmental performance and benchmarking against other companies in the same industry spectrum. Advantages and Disadvantages Corporations, although are enterprises with purpose of commercial pursuits, are powerful and influential institutions. However, one must not forget that their processes have a very public impact and affect many lives through their actions and behaviours. For this reason, it is very important that they act and behave responsibly and CRS policies should be there to guide corporation to Ethical path. More importantly for corporation, this responsibility can make a worthwhile contribution to society as irresponsible business can be harmful in equal measure. Companies without regard for their responsibilities and act/behave in an unethical ways that is damming to the worlds natural resources, will earn bad reputation which could not only loss profit or even destroy the company in their home ground but also the impact could be greater for international companies as their restriction could expand to many countries across the world. As more and more Stakeholders are demanding accountability CSR now involves more complex decision making. This makes the companies grow from the single dimensional thinking of maximising financial profit and concern more about the economic, social and environmental aspects of corporation impacts. For this to continue to be possible a firmed knowledge of CSR is critical, as learning about CSR means learning to manage CSR initiatives and engage with Stakeholders enabling managers to kept CSR alive within the company. Another reason for learning about CSR is so that ethical misconduct within the workplace can be recognised by employees, managers and Stakeholders, as this is far too common. This recognition could open a gateway to taking action to address the misconduct. Everyone can benefit from Corporate Social Responsibility giving compelling reasons for customer, supplies and community to learn about CSR so as to protect and promote their interest in relation to corporate activities. Although, many organisations such as United Nations (UN) are all attempting to regulate Corporate Social Responsibility through their framework, it is still voluntary corporation action and goes beyond regulations and laws. This unfortunately means that CSR lack of formal regulation and is not standardised and therefore often not possible to compare CSR performance in detail. Appallingly CSR is misused as a market ploy and reveals facts such as some company, whose very existence is considered to be socially irresponsible, such as British American Tobacco Corporation, are being recognised for performing some socially responsible acts. This is due to companies being given the right to shape and define CSR increasing the risk of abuse of power. Conclusion Although, Corporation Social Responsibility can come across as an idealistic idea, especially as it is voluntary process and lack regulation and therefore subjected to abuse of power by decision making companies in the social domain, it actually produces favourable results if applied positively. Corporations and governments are powerful and influential institutes and can therefore make a significant difference to society. This difference whether these institutes impacts positively or negatively, will depend on the contribution to better thinking about what is Ethically right or wrong. This knowledge can produce decisions and behaviours that are recognised by stakeholders as unethical and help managers assess the changes needed to manage CSR. A good CSR framework aligns community efforts and charitable efforts with core business strategy, expertise and market needs. This in turn helps build up a companys social capital and is likely to bring returns including financial returns.

Kenya :: essays research papers

Kenya   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kenya is a republic of East Africa. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean on the southeast. The capital of Kenya is Nairobi. It is located in the south central part of the country. It has a population of 1.5 million. The National Musum of Kenya, the National Theater and the University of Nairobi are in the city. Kenya has a humid type of climate with little temperature variation from month to month. The average annual temperature along the coast is 27 degrees celcius, but in Kenya Highlands it is only 14 degrees celcius. About three-fourths of Kenya recieves less than 500ml of rain a year. Most rain fall occurs during the â€Å"long rains† from March to May.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kenya’s population is divided by language and culture into more than 40 different ethnic groups. The largest group is the Kikuyu which makes up 12 per cent of the population and is Bantu speaking. Swahili became the offical language of Kenya in 1974. It is grammatically a Bantu language even though it is heavily influenced of the population and is Bantu speaking. Swahili became the offical language of Kenya in 1974. It is grammatically a Bantu language even though it is heavily influenced by Arabic and is written with the Roman alphabet. English is also an official language and is still widely used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kenya has no official religion. More than 50 per cent of the population is Christian. Also, many of the people follow traditional religious practices. The population of Kenya was estimated to be about 27,000,000 in 1994. 85 per cent of the total population live in cities of Nairobi and Mombassa. Kenya has one of the highest rates of population growth in the world. It is predicted that the population may reach 120 million by the year 2050. This rapid rate of increase is due to the high birth rate and the low death rate. More than half of the population is under the age of fifteen. The rapid population growth has placed great strains on health facilities and other social services, especially in rural areas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main source of income for Kenya comes from agriculture. Coffee and tea are the most valuable crops. Together they account for approximately 50 per cent of all forigien exchange earnings. Because of the rapidly growing population, Kenya now imports large quantities of food, praticularly wheat. Unemployment is high. Expecally in the urban areas.

United Kingdom and British Professionals

Developed country with a population that can afford to buy this soap 5. High Population, it is good for the soap business because they can reach a larger portion of the population 6.Both the upper social strata Brazilian politicians, business elite, middle working class, or lower manual workers, they go out to work, entertainment or leisure time, is bound to go take a shower, dress up. 7. It is Brazil's indigenous welcome etiquette. When the guests arrived, the owner must be the first thing to do is to invite guests burglary bath. The longer guests shower, it means the more respected master.Sometimes, the owner will accompany guests a bath. Both sides while taking a bath conversation seemed everyone intimacy. Although similarities are bound to exist between cultures, the professional conduct of China and the UK do also differ. For example, in China, one often greets the other with a nod or slight bow. Such behaviour is not usually found when interacting with British professionals. In stead, British professionals usually greet each other with a firm hand shake and eye contact – behaviours that are often toned down in China.In a business environment, Chinese professionals usually address each other only by their family name and their professional title, such as Director Chen or Chairman Wu. Because formality is a sign of respect, using someone’s given name is usually avoided; and Chinese professionals tend to clarify how to address their counterparts very early in the meeting. Like China, British professionals also introduce themselves with the same level of formality, and they usually wait to use the first names until the counterpart has used yours or asked to call them by their first name.Where the two countries differ is that British business etiquette is generally more informal and first names are often used right away. With that said, in correspondence, you should begin formally when addressing your correspondent and only switch to an informal m anner when your correspondent does so. When addressing a female professional, if you are uncertain about their marital status, it is best to address her as ‘Ms. ’ – married women also use this title at times.Important to remember that there is no excuse for not using a spell check – and make sure it is set to British English (this is not usually the default in Microsoft Office packages so have a check). When in a professional meeting, the value of punctuality is of as much importance in the UK as it is in China. You should always arrive for a meeting on time or five minutes ahead of schedule. However, if you find yourself delayed, do telephone and provide an estimated time of arrival. In China, it is often assumed that the first person that enters the room is the head of the group or the person of most senior position.By comparison, this isn’t always the case in the UK and you will need to look for clues, for example they are shown to their chair. L ike China, the objectives of a meeting should be indicated ahead of time in the UK, and the participants of a meeting will expect that if a meeting is scheduled for one hour, it will last one hour. The two countries also commonly like to begin the meeting with small talk, although British meetings will then swiftly move to the topics at hand. In both China and the UK, business cards are exchanged between the parties meeting.However, where the two countries differ is that while in China, the business cards are exchanged at the beginning of the meeting in the UK they are exchanged at the end. Not everyone has business cards or carries them, so if someone fails to produce one, don’t take it personally. Remember, when you reserve a place to attend an event, should you find you cannot attend, you should inform the organizer. Not only is this polite for the organizer, but it also may mean that someone else could take your place that otherwise may not have been able to attend if the re are limited places available! United Kingdom and British Professionals Developed country with a population that can afford to buy this soap 5. High Population, it is good for the soap business because they can reach a larger portion of the population 6ï ¼Å½Both the upper social strata Brazilian politicians, business elite, middle working class, or lower manual workers, they go out to work, entertainment or leisure time, is bound to go take a shower, dress upï ¼Å½It is Brazil's indigenous welcome etiquette. When the guests arrived, the owner must be the first thing to do is to invite guests burglary bath. The longer guests shower, it means the more respected master. Sometimes, the owner will accompany guests a bath.Both sides while taking a bath conversation seemed everyone intimacy. Although similarities are bound to exist between cultures, the professional conduct of China and the UK do also differ. For example, in China, one often greets the other with a nod or slight bow. Such behaviour is not usually found when interacting with British professiona ls. Instead, British professionals usually greet each other with a firm hand shake and eye contact – behaviours that are often toned down in China.In a business environment, Chinese professionals usually address each other only by their family name and their professional title, such as Director Chen or Chairman Wu. Because formality is a sign of respect, using someone’s given name is usually avoided; and Chinese professionals tend to clarify how to address their counterparts very early in the meeting.Like China, British professionals also introduce themselves with the same level of formality, and they usually wait to use the first names until the counterpart has used yours or asked to call them by their first name. Where the two countries differ is that British business etiquette is generally more informal and first names are often used right away.With that said, in correspondence, you should begin formally when addressing your correspondent and only switch to an infor mal manner when your correspondent does so. When addressing a female professional, if you are uncertain about their marital status, it is best to address her as ‘Ms.’ – married women also use this title at times. Important to remember that there is no excuse for not using a spell check – and make sure it is set to British English (this is not usually the default in Microsoft Office packages so have a check).When in a professional meeting, the value of punctuality is of as much importance in the UK as it is in China. You should always arrive for a meeting on time or five minutes ahead of schedule. However, if you find yourself delayed, do telephone and provide an estimated time of arrival. In China, it is often assumed that the first person that enters the room is the head of the group or the person of most senior position.By comparison, this isn’t always the case in the UK and you will need to look for clues, for example they are shown to their chai r. Like China, the objectives of a meeting should be indicated ahead of time in the UK, and the participants of a meeting will expect that if a meeting is scheduled for one hour, it will last one hour. The two countries also commonly like to begin the meeting with small talk, although British meetings will then swiftly move to the topics at hand.In both China and the UK, business cards are exchanged between the parties meeting. However, where the two countries differ is that while in China, the business cards are exchanged at the beginning of the meeting in the UK they are exchanged at the end. Not everyone has business cards or carries them, so if someone fails to produce one, don’t take it personally. Remember, when you reserve a place to attend an event, should you find you cannot attend, you should inform the organizer. Not only is this polite for the organizer,  but it also may mean that someone else could take your place that otherwise may not have been able to attend if there are limited places available!

Also Known As... Essays - Nickname, Pug, Friendship, Lunch Table

Also Known As... Essays - Nickname, Pug, Friendship, Lunch Table Also Known As... Nicknames are a substitute of a name given to a person in fun, affection, and belittlement, usually descriptive. They can also be used to shorten a person's name, like "Dick," for Richard. Nicknames, whether positive or negative, are only describing a person's general characteristics. Although hurtful nicknames can lower a persons' reputation and self-esteem, joyful nicknames give the person a sense of pride. O.K., first of all people sometimes take a nickname way too far. People might be given a nickname for that one single little thing they did, and somehow it gets turned into a nickname that sticks for a long time. For example: One day my friend was at our lunch table, in high school, and someone asked him to borrow a quarter. Now, my friend had a lot of change, because he just grabbed it off the table before we sat down. He answered the kid "No," and until this day we call him "Jew," because he will not spend his money or give it away. I can tell that he does not appreciate the name when he either says or does something when called that, because he turns all red and usually curses. People are sometimes insulted by a nickname, I know I am. My older brother would call me fatso, and it would bother me because I was a little bit overweight when I was younger. Other people are called this too, because they are usually "fat." I know they do not appreciate the name, but what can they do? It lowers a person's self-esteem and causes them to lose weight, retaliate, or cry. Girls are especially the ones who lose weight and cry, and the guys almost always retaliate, but sometimes lose weight. I would always push or shove my brother for calling me that name. People are also insulted by names such as scumbag, nerd, geek, shorty, loser, bitch, and jerk. People who dress bad, smell bad, or overall look bad, are sometimes called scumbags. There might be other reasons for the name that I do not know of. Sometimes the name can be meant in fun. My girlfriend would wear sweatpants to school, and ask me if she looks like a scumbag; I would say yes, but not really hurting her feelings. I have given people insulting nicknames such as: fatty, bitch, slut, loser, fag, nigger, and stupid. Granted, I have said some of these behind a person's back, but other times in front of them to hurt or belittle them. My friends back home have nicknames as well as me, thus these are positive ones. My one friend is called "Big Dog" because he is tall and muscular. Another is called "Dick" because his name is Richard. "Sulli" refers to ones last name of Sullivan. One got his nickname of "Kamala" because of his size and color of skin(referring to an ex-wrestler). "GoGo" refers to a stuttering friend. I have a few to tell: "Pugs", "Pugsy", "Kev", "Fitz" (for a linebacker 's name in college), and "Babe" by my girlfriend. Each of these names, like "Big Dog", "Sulli", "Kamala", and "Pugs" are positive in a way, because none of us gets insulted by them. Many people, besides my friends and me, give out nicknames for positive qualities. These are usually the names a person would like to hear rather than insulting ones. Names can go as far back as to when someone is a child. My father nicknamed my younger brother "cutie" when he was many years younger. He still calls him this to this day. My grand-father nicknamed me "kebetsko," I do not know why, how, or even know how to spell it; but he still calls me it today. My football coach would nickname his players. He called me "Pugs" 'cause of my last name. He gave a kid the name of "Preemie" for premadona. Another one got the name of "Cubby-bear" because he was an overweight running back who looked like a little bear. More positive nicknames are those of people's names. Nick for Nicholas, Pat for Patrick, Ang for Angela, Jill for Jillian, and so on. Nicknames, whether desirable or undesirable, everyone has either had or has now. Parents, coaches, family,

010 So What and Who Cares Professor Ramos Blog

010 So What and Who Cares Chapter 7, Who Cares? Quick Write What questions do you have about the annotated bib? Due Today Annotated Bib 5 Sources (3 Scholarly) Im Gay and African American Raynard Kington, â€Å"I’m Gay and African American.† [p. 576] In small groups of two or three, answer these questions. Who has a stake in the matter? Who does this affect? Why does this matter? I’m _______________, and this matters to me because_________________ . . . Chapter 7, Who Cares? Chapter 7 explains the importance of addressing the so what? and who cares? questions when writing and making an argument. You essays will become stronger once you begin addressing these questions in your writing. The who cares? question considers who has a stake in the argument. The so what? helps the reader understand what the larger implications or consequences of the topic are. These questions work great in many parts of your essays. They are especially helpful for writers who struggle with introductions and conclusions. A good tip is to address these questions in the introduction and conclusions. Report Topic, So What? Who are the people that care about your topic? Who has a stake in the matter? Brainstorm for three minutes all the groups who have a stake in the argument. Free Write Free write for five minutes on why these groups care or why the topic matters. Template To Use: I’m _______________, and this matters to me because_________________ . . . Quick  Write Draft a paragraph, introduction or conclusion, incorporating the so what? and who cares? factors. This is important because ___________ . . . This essay will benefit _______________, because _____________________. . . Creating Structure There are many different ways to structure a report. Decide on the final type of report you will be writing and we can begin to outline the structure. There are as many ways to organize a report and there are types of reports. Here are some examples: Organize by date, time, or sequence Organize by magnitude or order of importance Organize by division Organize by classification Organize by position, location, or space Organize by definition Organize by comparison/contrast Organize by thesis statement Organize by genre (Wikipedia, Encyclopedia, News Report) You do not have to develop your own structure from scratch, although you can. Look at examples of the type of report you are writing to help determine the structure for your report. Example: Look at a Wikipedia entry similar to your topic. How is it structured? What order do they present information? Quick Write How are you organizing your report?

Jury-rigged vs. Jerry-rigged

Jury-rigged vs. Jerry-rigged Jury-rigged vs. Jerry-rigged Jury-rigged vs. Jerry-rigged By Maeve Maddox A reader asks to know the difference between jury-rigged and jerry-rigged. Of the two, the older term is jury-rigged, a nautical term dating from the days of sail. Because they were often damaged in storms, sailing ships carried a spare mast called the jury-mast. Apart from scholarly speculation, the etymology of jury in this context is unknown. The jury-mast was like a spare tire, to be used only in an emergency and replaced by the real thing as soon as possible. The adjective jury-rigged came to be applied to anything intended to be of temporary use. Here are some examples of the term in current usage: Andrew Gill, had coolly waited for the weather to calm down after his vessel lost its mast and communications equipment in rough weather, and then jury-rigged a sail to get him to his destination.- SailWorld, 2012 Despite great hardship caused by limited power, loss of cabin heat, shortage of potable water, and the critical need to  jury-rig  the carbon dioxide removal system, the crew returned safely to  Earth  on April 17.- Princeton University site. A second expression that is earlier than jerry-rigged is jerry-built. As with the jury in jury-rigged, the origin of the jerry in jerry-built remains a mystery. First (1881) came the term jerry-builder: It is unfortunately too often the habit of builders- or rather jerry builders- to use the worst possible description of bricks. A jerry-builder was a contractor who put up shoddy houses for a quick sale. The first citation for the adjective jerry-built to describe shoddily built houses is dated 1869. Here are two recent examples of the use of jerry-built: In their need for access to varied sources of employment and cheap housing, immigrants were restricted to decaying or jerry-built housing.- The American Landscape, Stephen F. Mills, Routledge, 2013   Central to nearly all the semi-abstract paintings in â€Å"With a Tug and a Hold† are what appear to be architectural structures, or fragments of the built environment: a jerry-built wood shack here, a bit of metal scaffolding there.- The Washington Post, 2012. â€Å"Jerry-rigged† conflates â€Å"jury-rigged† with â€Å"jerry-built.† In American usage, jerry-rigged refers to something devised or repaired with materials at hand. Here are some examples: Our presentation was jerry-rigged because we hadn’t been able to get the software to work correctly in time.- The Accidental Millionaire, Gary Fong, BenBella Books, 2009. With the Afghan army also lagging in explosives experts, its members often resort to jerry-rigged tactics to locate and defuse IEDs, officials say.- The Washington Post, 2014 It was the very definition of jerry-rigged: She’d cut some slits in the back of a gel skin phone cover that would serve as credit card slots, taped a piece of cardboard on as a makeshift cover, and added a string to form a wristlet.- Huffington Post, 2014 Frustratingly, in this case, my attempt to use my iPad as a jerry-rigged solution has actually  created  problems I didn’t have before.  - MIT Technology Review, 2012. Although not in either the OED or Merriam-Webster, the verb to Macgyver is used with a similar meaning by some speakers: to Macgyver: to invent useful devices from ordinary materials. A device or mechanical solution created by Macgyvering is a Macgyverism. The words derive from the name of Angus MacGyver, a television character noted for his ability to resolve dangerous problems by non-violent means. Instead of a gun, this hero carries duct tape and a Swiss Army knife. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for Money35 Genres and Other Varieties of Fiction30 Words for Small Amounts

Tutoring in high school Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tutoring in high school - Essay Example I assisted Rose times by helping her organize her backpack because her bag had so many worksheets and she could not find her homework easily. Also, I stayed after homework hours and assisted students with many recreational activities. I worked with students in baking cookies, brownies, puppy chow, and cupcakes for their parents’ meeting. I also played Scrabble with them and a variety card games such as Uno, Egyptian Rat Screw, and Speed. One afternoon we had a girls’ time and Rose painted my fingernails blue. I thought about Rose every moment I saw my fingernails. I interacted with students from diverse backgrounds. Most students get bus tokens to take the city bus home, some live in unstable homes with family problems, and some live in unsafe environments. I gained a sense of their hard lives by tutoring and playing sports with them. I truly felt that I was making a difference in their lives and I enjoyed every minute of it. I hope I can expand my desire to help young children in the

Is American Government corrupt in its purchase of land Essay

Is American Government corrupt in its purchase of land - Essay Example (Walter Lynwood Fleming lectures in Southern history. Louisiana State UP. Crosby, A. W. (1999). "Ecological Imperialism: the overseas migration of western Europeans as a biological phenomenon." American encounters: natives and newcomers from European contact to Indian removal. London: Routledge. Hoar, W. P. (2003). Manifest Destiny: Many 19th-Century Americans Believed Their Young Nation Was Destined to Extend the Benefits of Freedom and Opportunity across the Continent-From Sea to Shining Sea. The New American, Vol. 19. Lubragge, Michael T. "Manifest Destiny." Revolution to Reconstruction. Department of Alfa-Informatica of the University of Groningen in the Netherlands. http://odur.let.rug.nl/usa/E/manifest/manifxx.htm Remini, R. "Andrew Jackson and Indian Removal." (1988). The legacy of Andrew Jackson: essays on democracy, Indian removal, and slavery. (Walter Lynwood Fleming lectures in Southern history. Louisiana State UP. .. Marshall, W.I. (1911). Acquisition of Oregon and the Long Suppressed Evidence about Marcus Whitman. Vol. I., pages 25-140. McClintock, T. (2003). "British newspapers and the Oregon Treaty of 1846." Oregon Historical Quarterly. Vol. 104(1), 96-109. Merk, F. (1967). The Oregon Question: Essays in Anglo-American Diplomacy and Politics Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press. Morrison, M. A. (1997). Slavery and the American West: The eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the coming of the civil war. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Neu, C. T. (2002). Handbook of Texas Online, s.v. "ANNEXATION," http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/AA/mga2.html (accessed May 30, 2006). Remini, R. "Andrew Jackson and Indian Removal." (1988). The legacy of Andrew Jackson: essays on democracy, Indian removal, and slavery. (Walter Lynwood Fleming lectures in Southern history. Louisiana State UP. Rutland, R. A. 1987. James Madison: The Founding Father. New York: Macmillan. Smith, Gene A. 1999. "Our Flag Was Display'd Within Their Works": The Treaty of Ghent and the Conquest of Mobile. Alabama Review 52 (January): 3-20. Spence, M. D. (1999). Dispossessing the wilderness: Indian removal and the making of the national parks. New York; Oxford UP. Stephanson, A. (1995). Manifest Destiny: American expansion and the empire of right (Critical Issue Book). HarperCollins. Stuart, R. (1988). United States Expansionism and British North America, 1775-1871. U. of North Carolina. de Tocqueville, Alexis. (1990). Democracy in America, vol. 1 (New York: Vintage Books. 1835. Tutorow, N. E. (1978). Texas Annexation and the Mexican War: A Political Study of the Old Northwest. Palo Alto: Chadwick House. Wilson Moore, S. A. (2003). "We Feel the Want of Protection": The Politics of

Aspects of Psychology Unit4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Aspects of Psychology Unit4 - Essay Example They do not consider physical traits of human beings as part of their intelligence. Sternberg’s Model Robert Sternberg (1988) proposed a theory of intelligence called as ‘triarchic theory’ as according to him, intelligence consists of three aspects interacting with each other (Davidson & Downing, 2000, p.42). The fist aspect is the internal skill of information processing which helps the human being to behave intelligently (Davidson & Downing, 2000, p.42). The second aspect is the ability of human being to create a match between the internal skills and the external environment in the best possible way (Davidson & Downing, 2000, p.42). The third aspect is the ability to take the help of past experiences to tackle the new or unfamiliar information, successfully (Davidson & Downing, 2000, p.42). Sternberg’s theory shows that intelligence is the ability to use different internal and external aspects to achieve success and to realize potential. Spearman’s Model Spearman’s model of intelligence is called as a ‘two-factor model’ of intelligence. ... The results revealed that children who scored well in one test also scored well on other tests (Pyle, 1979, p.7). Spearman noticed that there was a positive correlation between the tests designed to measure different mental abilities like memory, reasoning, creativity etc (Pyle, 1979, p.7). Spearman concluded that even though the tests were aimed at measuring different mental abilities, they had one factor common in them, which was getting measured in all the test results (Pyle, 1979, p.7). He concluded that this common factor was ‘general intelligence’ and named it ‘g’ (Pyle, 1979, p.7). However, he also realized that even though intelligent children scored well in all the tests, their scores were not exactly the same in all the tests (Pyle, 1979, p.7). This is because every test was designed to measure a ‘specific’ ability of a child and hence, it displayed the specific skill set of a child (Pyle, 1979, p.7). Spearman named this factor as â₠¬ËœSs’, indicating that even though ‘general intelligence’ was a common factor in children scoring well in the tests, their specific abilities were different from each other (Pyle, 1979, p.7). As Spearman’s model of intelligence is based on the two factors of ‘general’ and ‘specific’ intelligence, it is called as ‘two-factor model’ (Pyle, 1979, p.7). According to Spearman’s model, ‘intelligence’ is the mental energy or the ‘general ability’ of human being which ‘flows’ and guides him in most of his activities (Pyle, 1979, p.8). Spearman believed that all human beings have ‘g’ to some degree but as there is a difference in the level of their general intelligence, their mental abilities are different (Pyle, 1979, p.7). People differ from each

Economic Characteristics of Steel Industry Case Study

Economic Characteristics of Steel Industry - Case Study Example Increasing population in many parts of the world especially in BRIC countries has also increased the requirement of steel based products such as new vehicles, appliances and building infrastructures. Government is the first force that plays two critical roles. First, local and international sustainable and environmental laws are put into effect to protect the environment from adverse effects of steel producing plants. Second, when the steel firms require protection, it inflicts tariffs and trade regulations plus tax breaks or subsidies; however this can be minimized by providing Free Trade Agreements. Steel industry is highly influenced by technology and fuel prices. Technology has not only improved the quality of steel products but also the continuously growing fuel prices force the steel producing companies to figure out and implement new, innovative, and cost-effective technology and practices. During the past few years, the mergers and acquisitions have not only enhanced the grow th of steel industry but also made the industry more cost competitive where competition is primarily based on prices. Recycling of steel and scrap material is another critical driving force which plays an important part in the joint projects.

Operations and IT Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Operations and IT Management - Essay Example This will significantly reduce conflicts when we come to implementation or operations of the managers. The information lifecycle approach has strengthened customer relationship management, which is a widely applied strategy for running a company’s relations with its customers, clients as well as sales prospects. It encompasses the use of technology to organize, computerize, and harmonize business processes-mainly sales activities, but, in addition to those for marketing, client service, along with technical support (Fitzsimmon, 2005). The predominant goals are to find, attract, and convince new clients, nurture and lock in the customers, which the company already had before, entice previous clients back into the fold, and minimize advertising costs and client services. Customer relationship management illustrates a company’s broad business plan including client interface sections as well as other departments. Computing and valuing customers’ correlation is crucial to implementing this strategy. This has tremendously reduced conflicts between operations managers and information technology managers, due to specialization and division of areas of jurisdiction within the business system. Information privacy and data security; operations managers and information technology managers are now working concurrently to ensure that there is information security. Given the fact that security is an area of concern in the business sector, the two bodies have no choice but, to pull together as a team in considering the desire for information and data privacy, as well as the legislative and cultural standards. Some clients would like their pertinent information to remain their secret, and not to allow any other unauthorized persons, without their permission access to it. Information lifecycle approach enables business firms to keep different business documentation for a different

Choose ONE of the topics below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Choose ONE of the topics below - Essay Example Of the two, perhaps it was Voltaire who did not mince any words when it came to criticizing the work of Rousseau. For example, when he received Rousseau’s The Social Contract, Voltaire wrote a letter to Rousseau in which he notes, â€Å"Never was such a cleverness used in the design of making us all stupid. One longs, in reading your book, to walk on all fours. But as I have lost that habit for more than sixty years, I feel unhappily the impossibility of resuming it (Nosotro, 2007, Pg. 1)†. These words also form the basis of their disagreement since Voltaire had very different ideas about society and government as compared to the very democratic ideals of Rousseau. The high society and the aristocratic manners of Voltaire would certainly put him at odds with Rousseau who had a lower class beginning and could only find patrons to help him in paying for his living expenses as he continued to write and give the world philosophical ideas. However, they were both forced into exile largely through the force of their own ideas. Voltaire frank criticism, as exemplified by what he told Rousseau about his book, angered many French aristocrats and he was eventually forced into exile to England. On the other hand, Rousseau’s ideas were widely rejected by the French and he too had to spend some time in Switzerland and then England. In terms of ideas, Voltaire emphasized individual tolerance and a person’s right to be able to express him/herself freely. The religious and personal freedoms given by the English government were much respected by him and he wanted to change French society to bring them closer to the freedoms enjoyed by the English. Voltaire was also against the church since he believed the message of the church was one of intolerance. Duffy (2008) notes this as an interesting dichotomy since Voltaire was disdainful of religion itself but supported religious tolerance. It seems that blind faith was unacceptable to Voltaire since he

Economic Characteristics of Steel Industry Case Study

Economic Characteristics of Steel Industry - Case Study Example Increasing population in many parts of the world especially in BRIC countries has also increased the requirement of steel based products such as new vehicles, appliances and building infrastructures. Government is the first force that plays two critical roles. First, local and international sustainable and environmental laws are put into effect to protect the environment from adverse effects of steel producing plants. Second, when the steel firms require protection, it inflicts tariffs and trade regulations plus tax breaks or subsidies; however this can be minimized by providing Free Trade Agreements. Steel industry is highly influenced by technology and fuel prices. Technology has not only improved the quality of steel products but also the continuously growing fuel prices force the steel producing companies to figure out and implement new, innovative, and cost-effective technology and practices. During the past few years, the mergers and acquisitions have not only enhanced the grow th of steel industry but also made the industry more cost competitive where competition is primarily based on prices. Recycling of steel and scrap material is another critical driving force which plays an important part in the joint projects.

Choose ONE of the topics below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Choose ONE of the topics below - Essay Example Of the two, perhaps it was Voltaire who did not mince any words when it came to criticizing the work of Rousseau. For example, when he received Rousseau’s The Social Contract, Voltaire wrote a letter to Rousseau in which he notes, â€Å"Never was such a cleverness used in the design of making us all stupid. One longs, in reading your book, to walk on all fours. But as I have lost that habit for more than sixty years, I feel unhappily the impossibility of resuming it (Nosotro, 2007, Pg. 1)†. These words also form the basis of their disagreement since Voltaire had very different ideas about society and government as compared to the very democratic ideals of Rousseau. The high society and the aristocratic manners of Voltaire would certainly put him at odds with Rousseau who had a lower class beginning and could only find patrons to help him in paying for his living expenses as he continued to write and give the world philosophical ideas. However, they were both forced into exile largely through the force of their own ideas. Voltaire frank criticism, as exemplified by what he told Rousseau about his book, angered many French aristocrats and he was eventually forced into exile to England. On the other hand, Rousseau’s ideas were widely rejected by the French and he too had to spend some time in Switzerland and then England. In terms of ideas, Voltaire emphasized individual tolerance and a person’s right to be able to express him/herself freely. The religious and personal freedoms given by the English government were much respected by him and he wanted to change French society to bring them closer to the freedoms enjoyed by the English. Voltaire was also against the church since he believed the message of the church was one of intolerance. Duffy (2008) notes this as an interesting dichotomy since Voltaire was disdainful of religion itself but supported religious tolerance. It seems that blind faith was unacceptable to Voltaire since he

Essentials of Health Information Management Essay Example for Free

Essentials of Health Information Management Essay Source- oriented medical records are kept together by subject matters, such as data from all laboratory results. Progress notes are all kept together and are written in paragraph format; these entries are filed under a specific sectionalized area in the patient chart and are usually in chronological order. Many facilities use the chronological order because this is an easy way to locate the required documents. The major advantage is that information is organized together, which makes it easier to determine the assessment, treatment, and observations a particular department provided a patient. The major disadvantage is there is no possible way to quickly determine all of the patient problems or treatment that has been provided to the patient. Problem- oriented medical records are kept together by a problem number; with this a number is placed to each problem. This is the most traditional way that most physicians document his or her records. Progress notes are kept in a â€Å"SOAP format, which is S= subjective, O=objective, A= assessment, and P= plan of action.† (SOAP Notes, 2010) The problem oriented-medical records have four parts, which include a database, problem list, initial plan, and progress notes. The major advantage is the record format is the ease or progression through all the data. The data is organized into stratified sections, which is quicker to find information needed and allows for a more rapid review of multiple office vists over time. The major disadvantage is that this type of format requires additional training and commitment from the medical and professional staff. An integrated record is a combination of source- oriented and problem- oriented medical records. The records are arranged in a strict chronological order, regardless of the source of original information. This method keeps a good account of continual events as the events occur and this method makes it difficult to compare and coordinate the issues easily. References Farlex. (2011). The Free Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.medical-dictonary.thefreedictionary.com SOAP Notes. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.maexample.com/soap-notes.htm

Aspects of English Language

Aspects of English Language The language is the collection of symbols and rules for combining the symbols, which can express and infinite variety of messages. In the definition, language separate to three criteria. First is language is symbolic which known as the use of symbols such in spoken or written words to express ideas to the world. The second is language is generative which define as the capability to produce many different messages by combining symbols in different ways. The third language as structured which mean following grammatical rules and produce grammatical sentences. Besides the criteria, language has three aspects such as grammar, meaning and sounds. Three Aspects of Language Grammar is known as a set of rules for producing correct sentences in a language. Meaning is known as semantic understanding of sentences but is not necessary grammatically correct. Meaning of words can represent by breaking them into morphemes which is known as small units of meanings. Morphemes include stem words, prefixes and suffixes. For example word unfairly which has stem word as fair adding of prefix un and suffix ly and these morphemes produces changes in word stem. Each of morphemes contributes the different meaning for the words. The sounds are also very important in language. Its produce the phonemes to understand the spoken sentences. In hierarchical organization when producing sentences people will make error in speaking or slip of the tongue. The errors also can divide into word errors, morphemes errors and phoneme errors. There are other types errors occur in the linguistic such as word exchange, morpheme exchange and phoneme exchange. Word exchange is an error in whi ch two linguistic units are substituted for each other during sentence production. For example buying mother for my fruits rather than buying fruits for my mother. The morpheme exchange is known as error in which two morphemes are substituted for each other during sentence production. For example, sentence like speakly loud rather than speak loudly. Finally, phoneme exchange is known as an error in which two phonemes are substituted for each other during sentence production. For example, twit nower for twin tower. Psychology and Grammar Psychologists are interest to study how people learn to speak in grammatically correct sentences. Phrase structure grammar can define as a set of rules for partitioning a sentence into its grammatical units and it has 3 rules. The first is partitions the sentence into noun phrase followed by verb phrase. The second rule is states that the noun phrase can be partitioned into a determiner followed by a noun. The third rule states that the verb phrase can be partitioned into a verb followed by noun phrase, which is again broken down into a determiner and a noun. But Chomsky (1965) found that the phrase structure grammar does not explain how sentences can be modified to form of similar meaning. Later it came up with transformational grammar which known as a set of rules for transforming a sentence into a closely related sentence. For example, how we change an active statement into a passive statement. Besides that, words can be grammatical clues. The relation between meaning and grammar is important because producing a grammatical sentence does not make the sentence will be meaningful. The meaning of words sometimes provides hints as to grammatical phrases will come next in sentences. Many words have more than one meaning but this would not confuse us. The context in which the word appears gives information about which meaning is appropriate. Carpenter and Danemans (1981) general model of the stages involved in the sentence comprehension. The first stage is as fixate and encode the next word and then second stage is retrieving the meanings of words. The third step is try to integrate retrieved concepts with prior context and the fourth step is seeing whether it has integration been successfully completed for at least one concept. If the integration is successful, the process encodes next code and if not successful, we try to recover the error. Using Semantic Context in Sentence Comprehension The word recognition is often facilitated by the semantic context. Sometimes, people face difficulties in recognizing a word when reading the illegible handwriting and they rely on the surrounding words and sentences to help us identify the illegible word. People also select the meaning of ambiguous words by looking context of sentences. In resolving ambiguities, good readers those who are active in working memory able to interpret of an ambiguous word and quickly select the suitable meaning when they receive a clarifying context. Interpreting phrases is to produce syntactic and semantic representations of a sentence and relate the sentence to prior knowledge. For example, when people heard phrase a business man and they might have few interpretation like have luxury cars, a big bangle and rich with money. Implication of Sentences Comprehension is considering how people understand sentences in which the information asserted directly. But, using language can imply something without directly. In Courtroom testimony, implications can influence not only how a witness responds to questions but also helps the jury to remember about testimony of witness. The implication without telling the original meaning of something can find advertising. Some advertisement tells the problems face by customer and show their product as solution. So that people then understand how the product functioning. Literature Review Title: Investigating the role of language in childrens early educational outcomes From: Sue Roulstone, Judy Clegg Tim Paters (2010) Children develop their language skill at 2 years old. Their communication environments influence mainly their language development. The communication environments are the context where the children improve their language for example, interaction or activity with child and parent, playing with others, television program and others. In childhood period most children develop their speech and language skills with less effort. Roulston, Clegg and Paters (2010) have conducted a longitudinal study about their communication environment in childrens early educational performances. They want examine the characteristics of the environment in which children learn to communicate and extends which affect children readiness for school (language skills, reading, mathematics and social skills). They came up with three research questions. First is what extent is childs early language development associated with performance on assessments in schools. The second is what extent is the childs early communication environment associated with performance on the assessments. Third is what are the characteristics of the children early communication environment that contribute to the children language developments. They conducted the study on children who are in 24 months from 4941 boys and 4688 girls. The test conducted with questionnaires which complete by the mothers. The data collected about children academic performance from children schools. They found that from view of impact of children early language development on school entry, the language influenced mainly from social class or social background where children come from. The learning early language made an important contribution to the variation in childrens performance. Children understandings and use of vocabulary are very strongly associates with their performance. Besides that, from view of the impact of children communication environment, children who are early ownership of book, trips to library, get good attendance in school, parents teaching with activities and toys achieved higher scores on the assessment. Children also improve language from television program however, the increasing duration in time of watching television affect childs academic at school negatively. From the view of role of communication environment in the development of language skills, both childrens language skills communication environment are important for outcomes at start of primary schools. Communication environment helps to learn vocabulary, understanding of meaning of words and develop speech. Therefore, the role of language becomes clear within 24 months. Parents should make sure that children have better communication environment which help them to develop their language skills.

Resolver el Caso 3M :: Negocios

Resolver el Caso 3M. Contestar de manera individual las siguientes preguntas: 1) Identifique las DOS estrategias (Grandes estrategias) que tiene la empresa 3M. Explique en quà © consiste cada una de ellas. (Ver P. 202). Las grandes estrategias que tiene la empresa 3M se basan en materia econà ³mica y de innovacià ³n. McNerney se enfrento con una organizacià ³n que tenà ­a mucho tiempo de no lanzar productos innovadores o marcar diferencia en mercados como en la anterioridad. McNerney tenà ­a que encontrar y diseà ±ar estrategias que buscaran la innovacià ³n que alguna vez obtuvo con el famoso â€Å"Post-it† pero tambià ©n dà ¡ndole la importancia al capital econà ³mico que 3M poseà ­a y necesitarà ­a para invertir en innovacià ³n. Una de las primeras estrategias ocurrià ³ en sus primeros aà ±os como CEO de 3M, la cual fue recortar el 6.6% de la fuerza laboral que representaba aproximadamente 5000 empleados. De esta manera, le permitià ³ contar con mà ¡s capital econà ³mico; obviamente evaluando si el capital humano recortado no causarà ­a perdidas en produccià ³n o en otras à ¡reas. McNerney se dio cuenta que por normalidad 3M brindaba la misma cantidad de capital econà ³mico (presupuesto) a sus sectores internos, sin importar como era su desempeà ±o en ventas o utilidades. McNerney decidià ³ que ya no serà ­a de esa manera, y opto por distribuir fondos para mercadotecnia e investigacià ³n y desarrollo para aquellos sectores que tuvieran el mayor potencial de crecimiento. Estas dos acciones anteriores pertenecà ­an a una estrategia grande cuyo objetivo era cuidar del capital econà ³mico y distribuirlo efectivamente donde tuviera un mayor margen de à ©xito. La segunda estrategia està ¡ dirigida al cliente y su satisfaccià ³n. McNerney era una persona que pasaba mucho tiempo con tu equipo de trabajo. El adoraba escucharlos y tener un contacto cercano. En ocasiones el mismo volaba de continente a continente para arreglar asuntos que suelen normalmente no ser de la importancia de un CEO. Esto no quiere decir que las actividades que realizaba eran insignificantes; al contrario lo distinguà ­an por su cercanà ­a con el cliente. Una pieza clave de su estrategia fue implementar el programa â€Å"Six Sigama† el cual à ©l habà ­a aplicado en General Electric. Constantemente mandaba capacitar a sus empleados a lugares donde impartà ­an el â€Å"Six Sigma†, de esta manera el cosechaba para que en un futuro los empleados tuvieran las ideologà ­a triunfadoras del programa; y pudieran aplicar sus frutos en la organizacià ³n. Su cercanà ­a al cliente tambià ©n se reflejaba cuando los representantes de ventas realizaban â€Å" polls† donde obtenà ­an las mejoras que buscaban los creadores de televisiones asà ­ como clientes en sus nuevas modelos de pantalla delgada (Plasma HDTV).

Free Essays - An Analysis of Catch 22 :: Catch-22

An Analysis of Catch 22      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Catch 22, by Joseph Heller, is a critique of the society that we live in. Whoever is proud of what we have advanced to, and is unwilling to look at it in a negative light, would find this book very subversive. It threatens and criticizes the way of living of most who pride themselves in living a modern life. Heller shows through the ridiculousness of war how misguided much of modern society has become, in spite of all our so called civilized advancement. Some will find this interesting, thought provoking and enjoy this book. Others will take it as a direct threat and insult to all the work they have done.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the very beginning, Heller shows some of the most popular ideas and values of the day in a negative, questioning light. In particular, he shows the negative consequences of conformity and highlights individuality as a way to survive.   He wants us to recognize how one is controlled and stifled by society.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The leading character in this novel, addressing what has gone wrong with society, is Yossarian. He is the only one who recognizes the full craziness of what everyone is living for: wealth, false happiness, society's approval, etc. He is one of the few who tries to fight the power and elitism that have become so sought after in America. Throughout the novel, he tries to find a way to live a fuller life as a real human individual. He looks to many of the other characters in the book for help but only finds unsatisfactory answers.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Each of the characters in Yossarian's life at the base shows the reader one more example of how bad society has become. Clavinger tries to live life by reasoning. He looks for a reason in everything. In constantly looking for a reason why, he never enjoys life to it fullest. As further proof that this life leads nowhere, he is shot down and killed, certainly not an event with a rational explanation. Major Major is the person who obeys everyone, always trying to be perfect. He does everything that anyone asks of him, but takes it to an extreme. By being so naively obedient, instead of being helped by his comrades, he is shunned.

New Revelations of Pre-Columbian America

In his breakthrough book, 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus, Charles C. Mann changes myths about the Pre-Columbian America into scientific facts that nobody would deny.   The book is a discussion about the scientific reality of Native American life before Columbus set foot in America.   As it turns out, this view of reality based on scientific details is completely different from what we had previously thought about Pre-Columbian America.   The thesis of Mann’s book may be summed up in his own words thus:When I went to high school, in the 1970s, I was taught that Indians came to the Americas  across the Bering Strait about thirteen thousand years ago, that they lived for the most part in  small, isolated groups, and that they had so little impact on their environment that even after  millennia of habitation the continents remained mostly wilderness.   Schools still impart the  same ideas today.   One way to summarize the views of people li ke Erickson and Balà ©e would  be to say that they regard this picture of Indian life as wrong in almost every aspect.   Indians  were here far longer than previously thought, these researchers believe, and in much greater  numbers.   And they were so successful at imposing their will on the landscape that in 1492   Columbus set foot in a hemisphere thoroughly marked by humankind.After introducing the main thesis of his book – that, in fact, Native Americans were far more civilized than we had previously imagined – Mann begins â€Å"Part One: Numbers from Nowhere† by dealing with New England in the 1600s, and the myth that European technology was far superior to American Indian technologies.   This myth was based on the fact that the Indians did not appreciate guns.   However, the reality is that the Indian moccasins were far more comfortable than the boots of the European; and the canoes built by the Native Americans were speedier and more mane uverable than the small boats made by Europeans.Next, the author gets into a discussion about the reasons for the fall of the Inca Empire.   During this discussion we learn that while the Europeans used metal to make tools, the Indians used it for tokens.   Moreover, the Europeans had used horses while invading the Inca Empire, and the Indians did not have the technology to beat the intruders on horses.   Still, the Inca Empire collapsed mainly because of disease in addition to factionalism.   There had been a civil war after the Native Americans had clashed with the Spanish.   Smallpox and various other epidemics were also responsible for the fall of the Inca Empire.The first part of Mann’s book also tackles the controversy surrounding the number of Native Americans in Pre-Columbian America.   Scholars have disagreed on the population of the Indians.   Whereas Dobyns believed that there were around one hundred million Native Americans living before the fall of the Inca Empire; Henige argued that the population was much less.   Yet, as Mann points out, there is virtually no evidence to suggest that the population of Native Americans was little.In addition to the above, the first part of the book deals with the Aztecs.   According to scientific evidence, the Aztecs were more sophisticated than we had previously believed them to be.   The Greek â€Å"thinker-teacher† model prevailed among them as â€Å"tlamatini.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Part Two: Very Old Bones† provides scientific evidence linked to the skeletons of Lagoa Santa that were found in Brazil’s caves to conclude that the Indians and the Siberians share common ancestry.   Agriculture, too, is a focus of this part of Mann’s book.   According to the author, the Indians began breeding maize right from scratch given that the crop had no â€Å"wild ancestor.†Ã‚   With the development of maize, the Mesoamerican life was further advanced.   The Olmec c ivilization is mentioned as an example of the high culture that was promoted due to advancement in agriculture.Mann also provides evidence that the Mesoamerican cultures made use of calendars, in addition to wheels.   However, the wheels were used only for small toys.   This is because the Mesoamericans were geographically isolated, and therefore did not have access to other people’s ideas on wheels.â€Å"Part Three: Landscape with Figures† is where Mann brings all of his evidence together to conclude that there are things we have to learn from the Indians.   He discusses the Maya, and points out that the civilization was active in transforming land.   Additionally, the author describes the unique use of fire by the Indians in this part of the book.   Apparently, the Indians used fire to benefit the plants as well as encourage the abundance of some animals.Mann points to the mistake of holding racist views about the Indians in understanding their unique cultu re given that such views cloud our receptiveness to reality.   As a matter of fact, the  Indians had reached their optimal level of environment.   Before Christopher Columbus arrived on the continent, however, the Europeans had changed the landscape created by the Indians.AnalysisIndeed, Charles C. Mann is correct in his belief that we have been collectively fed in with the myth that the Native Americans were culturally backward.   In point of fact, this myth does not surround the Indians alone.   Rather, we are made to believe that all civilizations before the major ones as we know them – the Egyptians, the Greeks, the Muslims, and the United States – were culturally backward.We further tend to believe that it was almost impossible for the civilizations of old to perform the kinds of amazing deeds that we perform today, with respect to our technology.   And so, scholars struggled for a long time trying to understand how the ancient Egyptians built the pyra mids without our present technology.   This struggle to understand was led by speculation.However, speculation is unnecessary when scientific facts are before us.   So, we are aware that the ancient Egyptians had their own technology to build the pyramids.   We do not understand the exact nature of that technology.   We may only know from the evidence we have gathered thus far that some of the civilizations of old were far more sophisticated than we had previously imagined them to be.   This is the case with the Indian civilization.   Perhaps, this was also the case with the people of the Stone Age, who might have developed themselves in terms of  philosophical thinking if nothing else.The fact that we do not possess tomes written by people of the Stone Age or the Indians, does not necessarily lead us to the conclusion that the civilizations in question were less developed or evolved than we are.   Rather, those civilizations used their intellectual capacity in a dif ferent way.   Believers in the scriptures which recount the story of Adam and Eve would all agree that the essential human being has not changed through the ages.   Based on this view, only that which civilizations focus upon in their own time is likely to vary from civilization to civilization, and the human being is the same as he was in the beginning, that is, a being that is curious and would like to see change.The main strengths of Mann’s book are its lucid language, and the vast amount of evidence collected by the author.   Mann makes his book extremely interesting by addressing old myths, and describing the facts that must replace the myths.   The book describes unique fruits, for example, that we had previously supposed to be wild.   Even so, the unique fruits consumed by Indians were as nutritious as today’s fruits.   Mann describes interesting fruits with flavors like vanilla ice cream, for instance, and others that contained high levels of vitami n C and protein.The discussion that this book is made up of is very valuable in helping us understand faulty perceptions.   According to the author, â€Å"Given the charged relations between white societies and native peoples, inquiry into Indian culture and history is inevitably contentious.†Ã‚   To put it another way, white societies may have deliberately kept us away from understanding the significance of the Indian culture.   I believe that this is untrue, given the white societies’ emphasis on knowledge.   Moreover, I trust that the mention of racism should not have been a part of this book.   After all, the book was published in a white society to uncover the reality of  the Indian civilization.   As a matter of fact, given the importance of the scientific evidence in the book, it is expected that this book will be studied in white societies for a long time to come.Works CitedMann, Charles C. 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus. New York: Vintage Books, 2006. New Revelations of Pre-Columbian America In his breakthrough book, 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus, Charles C. Mann changes myths about the Pre-Columbian America into scientific facts that nobody would deny.   The book is a discussion about the scientific reality of Native American life before Columbus set foot in America.   As it turns out, this view of reality based on scientific details is completely different from what we had previously thought about Pre-Columbian America.   The thesis of Mann’s book may be summed up in his own words thus:When I went to high school, in the 1970s, I was taught that Indians came to the Americasacross the Bering Strait about thirteen thousand yars ago, that they lived for the most part insmall, isolated groups, and that they had so little impact on their environment that even aftermillennia of habitation the continents remained mostly wilderness.   Schools still impart thesame ideas today.   One way to summarize the views of people like Erickson and B alà ©e wouldbe to say that they regard this picture of Indian life as wrong in almost every aspect.   Indianswere here far longer than previously thought, these researchers believe, and in much greaternumbers.   And they were so successful at imposing their will on the landscape that in 1492Columbus set foot in a hemisphere thoroughly marked by humankind.NEW REVELATIONS OF PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICAAfter introducing the main thesis of his book – that, in fact, Native Americans were far more civilized than we had previously imagined – Mann begins â€Å"Part One: Numbers from Nowhere† by dealing with New England in the 1600s, and the myth that European technology was far superior to American Indian technologies.   This myth was based on the fact that the Indians did not appreciate guns.   However, the reality is that the Indian moccasins were far more comfortable than the boots of the European; and the canoes built by the Native Americans were speedier and mor e maneuverable than the small boats made by Europeans.Next, the author gets into a discussion about the reasons for the fall of the Inca Empire.   During this discussion we learn that while the Europeans used metal to make tools, the Indians used it for tokens.   Moreover, the Europeans had used horses while invading the Inca Empire, and the Indians did not have the technology to beat the intruders on horses.   Still, the Inca Empire collapsed mainly because of disease in addition to factionalism.   There had been a civil war after the Native Americans had clashed with the Spanish.   Smallpox and various other epidemics were also responsible for the fall of the Inca Empire.The first part of Mann’s book also tackles the controversy surrounding the number of Native Americans in Pre-Columbian America.   Scholars have disagreed on the population of the Indians.   Whereas Dobyns believed that there were around one hundred million Native Americans living before the fa ll of the Inca Empire; Henige argued that the population was much less.   Yet, as Mann points out, there is virtually no evidence to suggest that the population of Native Americans was little.NEW REVELATIONS OF PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICAIn addition to the above, the first part of the book deals with the Aztecs.   According to scientific evidence, the Aztecs were more sophisticated than we had previously believed them to be.   The Greek â€Å"thinker-teacher† model prevailed among them as â€Å"tlamatini.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Part Two: Very Old Bones† provides scientific evidence linked to the skeletons of Lagoa Santa that were found in Brazil’s caves to conclude that the Indians and the Siberians share common ancestry.   Agriculture, too, is a focus of this part of Mann’s book.   According to the author, the Indians began breeding maize right from scratch given that the crop had no â€Å"wild ancestor.†Ã‚   With the development of maize, the Mesoameri can life was further advanced.   The Olmec civilization is mentioned as an example of the high culture that was promoted due to advancement in agriculture.Mann also provides evidence that the Mesoamerican cultures made use of calendars, in addition to wheels.   However, the wheels were used only for small toys.   This is because the Mesoamericans were geographically isolated, and therefore did not have access to other people’s ideas on wheels.â€Å"Part Three: Landscape with Figures† is where Mann brings all of his evidence together to conclude that there are things we have to learn from the Indians.   He discusses the Maya, and points out that the civilization was active in transforming land.   Additionally, the author describes the unique use of fire by the Indians in this part of the book.   Apparently, the Indians used fire to benefit the plants as well as encourage the abundance of some animals.Mann points to the mistake of holding racist views about t he Indians in understanding their unique culture given that such views cloud our receptiveness to reality.   As a matter of fact, theNEW REVELATIONS OF PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICAIndians had reached their optimal level of environment.   Before Christopher Columbus arrived on the continent, however, the Europeans had changed the landscape created by the Indians.AnalysisIndeed, Charles C. Mann is correct in his belief that we have been collectively fed in with the myth that the Native Americans were culturally backward.   In point of fact, this myth does not surround the Indians alone.   Rather, we are made to believe that all civilizations before the major ones as we know them – the Egyptians, the Greeks, the Muslims, and the United States – were culturally backward.We further tend to believe that it was almost impossible for the civilizations of old to perform the kinds of amazing deeds that we perform today, with respect to our technology.   And so, scholars strug gled for a long time trying to understand how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids without our present technology.   This struggle to understand was led by speculation.   However, speculation is unnecessary when scientific facts are before us.   So, we are aware that the ancient Egyptians had their own technology to build the pyramids.   We do not understand the exact nature of that technology.   We may only know from the evidence we have gathered thus far that some of the civilizations of old were far more sophisticated than we had previously imagined them to be.   This is the case with the Indian civilization.   Perhaps, this was also the case with the people of the Stone Age, who might have developed themselves in terms ofNEW REVELATIONS OF PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICAphilosophical thinking if nothing else.   The fact that we do not possess tomes written by people of the Stone Age or the Indians, does not necessarily lead us to the conclusion that the civilizations i n question were less developed or evolved than we are.   Rather, those civilizations used their intellectual capacity in a different way.   Believers in the scriptures which recount the story of Adam and Eve would all agree that the essential human being has not changed through the ages.   Based on this view, only that which civilizations focus upon in their own time is likely to vary from civilization to civilization, and the human being is the same as he was in the beginning, that is, a being that is curious and would like to see change.The main strengths of Mann’s book are its lucid language, and the vast amount of evidence collected by the author.   Mann makes his book extremely interesting by addressing old myths, and describing the facts that must replace the myths.   The book describes unique fruits, for example, that we had previously supposed to be wild.   Even so, the unique fruits consumed by Indians were as nutritious as today’s fruits.   Mann describes interesting fruits with flavors like vanilla ice cream, for instance, and others that contained high levels of vitamin C and protein.The discussion that this book is made up of is very valuable in helping us understand faulty perceptions.   According to the author, â€Å"Given the charged relations between white societies and native peoples, inquiry into Indian culture and history is inevitably contentious.†Ã‚   To put it another way, white societies may have deliberately kept us away from understanding the significance of the Indian culture.   I believe that this is untrue, given the white societies’ emphasis on knowledge.   Moreover, I trust that the mention of racism should not have been a part of this book.   After all, the book was published in a white society to uncover the reality ofNEW REVELATIONS OF PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICAthe Indian civilization.   As a matter of fact, given the importance of the scientific evidence in the book, it is expect ed that this book will be studied in white societies for a long time to come.NEW REVELATIONS OF PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICAWorks CitedMann, Charles C. 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus. New York: Vintage Books, 2006.

Women’s Judo Debate

Women's Judo My dear fellow judos, martial arts practitioners and sports women, l, Gamma Gibbons, am delighted you have joined me today to unravel the nauseating, adverse light that has been shown upon women's Judo recently. After, having unfortunately been exposed to an atrocity of a biased article revolved around yours truly, I felt compelled to express my rage and dismay towards the sexist, ignorant writer behind these fabricated words, Andrew M Brown. Ladies, who is he to tell us which sports are socially acceptable to practice?Does he have the right to make sexist remarks bout our careers, when he himself, has spent time In a mental ward? Mr.. Brown, your article creates the wrong assessment of the beautifully orchestrated sport of women's judo. In your absurd article, you have displayed forms of incredibly offensive sexism, relating to my sport. The showcasing of your old fashioned opinions towards women being dominant in a strong sport has infuriated me. Your lack of understan ding and knowledge for female athletes participating In any sport, only make you look thick and sexist.Being a Judo myself, I have first hand experience of he sport, which puts me in a respectable position to inform that your accusations circling the sport is indeed, false. I apologize for my inconsiderate behavior, a Judo Mr.. Brown, is someone who practices Judo as a sport, male or female. Clearly from your fictional lies mentioned in your article you have no significant knowledge of the sport let alone the names of Its professional practitioners.I am not exactly sure how he could have the tremendous talent of successfully enraging the entire sports community from Just the insensitive, foul, sexist language used in the title of your written piece. The title – a few words in length and Mr.. Brown has already showcased his hidden talent of triggering the anger in a group of female athletes in just one click of the publish button. His disregard towards not only the sport but I ts athletes have immediately given the text a very condescending and patrolling voice as narrator, referring to Judos as â€Å"girls†.I'll have It known to you Mr.. Brown, that the entire female Olympic judo team includes adults ages 26 and above. He must have been blinded by the â€Å"disturbing† sight of a popular Olympic event that consists of watching â€Å"girls beat each other up†. If he is so emotionally â€Å"unsettled† by watching a match, we're happy to direct him back to his soap operas at home. HIS referral to the sport using what I consider street slang Infuriates me as the implication that no skill or training is required in order to participate in the sport.His low class view sickens me, furthering my disgust when he compares my match between my opponents as â€Å"two drunken women bashing ten bells out of each other†. How dare he dishonor this highly respected Olympic sport? He is a writer not a sports critic, so a piece of advice f or Mr.. Brown, stick to your own career. We do not â€Å"beat† or Have some respect for the commitment and strength it takes to hold a sport like judo. Additionally, I find it incredible that he can assert that he â€Å"probably sound appallingly sexist†.He has predicted his own criticism, suggesting the fact that he is fully aware that his discriminative mind is unsuitable for expressing his concern over a female sport, that's better known for its male practitioners. His condescending tone sounds as if he assumes that everyone will understand his reasoning. Newsflash Mr.. Brown, we are not so easily fooled by your attempt to evoke a family man status for yourself n order to counterbalance and deflect the controversy you caused. Anecdotes about his daughters have made me wonder, what if he had sons? Would his views be the same?He is only trying to step into the role of a respectable man to dodge the criticism he would receive; his literacy devices did not have its effe cts on us though right, ladies? Does he really call himself a writer? His opinion is old- fashioned portraying women as the weaker, inferior people in this society, describing our â€Å"soft limbs battered black and blue with bruises† after a match. We are a lot stronger than you think Mr.. Brown, we can handle a few bruises and scratches but not in any way are our limbs any softer than your office restrained limbs.In conclusion, as I have ferociously argued against Mr.. Brown's fabricated Judgments on a highly honorable Olympic sport, my opinions and feeling lie obvious. I am extremely appalled and repulsed by his sexist views and ignorant voice regarding not only me but also my fellow Judos and many other female athletes. I hope that I have conveyed my message across that women's Judo is far more skill related and respectable than what meets a washed up, sexist writer's eyes.

Analysing Delegation In Transition To Professional Practice Nursing Essay

Analysing Delegation In Transition To Professional Practice Nursing Essay Newly registered nurses or nurses re-entering the workforce face many challenges. One of these issues is delegation. In this essay you are required to develop an in depth and detailed understanding of delegation and how it apply to you as a newly registered nurse. You will need to critically analyse the literature to: Define delegation and how it applies to the registered nurse in the clinical setting Analyse the role of the registered nurse in relation to the responsibility of delegation Analyse the relationship between accountability and delegation Discuss how delegation is different to patient allocation Analyse how professional competence impacts on delegation with specific reference to clinical effectiveness Discuss the interpersonal relationships of team members when delegating within a team Introduction Being a newly Registered Nurse entails a lot of challenges, how we deal with our clients and effectively communicating what their needs are in a multi-cultural setting gives u s these difficult tasks of rendering proper and appropriate health care. RNs (Registered Nurses) are known to provide care from womb to tomb, without preference to age, gender, race, religion and status. RNs need to understand the importance for them to know by heart, what are the tasks they can delegate to their co-workers because problem could arise if tasks are delegated inappropriately and clients would be the one to suffer the consequences. Delegation of activities will be relied more heavily due to decreasing workforce and increasing workload that’s why nurses should understand fully the different guidelines on how one can appropriately apply delegation in their professional practice. The role of RN in the delegation process takes unprecedented importance. The independent licensee of the RN imposes a legal accountability on the part of the nurse to the patient/recipient of care. This becomes a primary responsibility, with the accountability to other disciplines or the e mployer being secondary. Because the RN is responsible for the practice of other lesser skilled licensed or unlicensed nursing personnel (i.e., Enrolled Nurses and Unlicensed Health Care Worker), it is imperative that registered nurses understand the guidelines and parameters set for delegation and training. All RNs and midwives must be willing to accept accountability and responsibility when undertaking activities within their individual scope of practice after considering: legislation or restriction of practice, professional standards of practice, current evidence for practice, individual knowledge skill and competence and contextual/organizational support for practice [Nursing Board of Victoria (NBV) 2007]. The responsibility of the RN prevails whatever the employment setting or status of employment and that legal accountability cannot be removed or assumed by another individual or by the employer. We can never work alone, thus we are always a part of a multidisciplinary healthca re team and this is where the issues of delegation come into place. I. Definition of delegation and application in clinical setting The Queensland Nursing Council (2005) defined delegation as ‘conferring of authority on a person to a person to perform activities. In the same way, delegation is conferment of authority to an individual who is not authorized to perform a particular task autonomously but can do so under direct or indirect supervision (Nursing & Midwifery Board of South Australia 2005). Direct supervision means that the RN is actually present during performance of the delegated task, observing and guiding the person who is being supervised while indirect supervision is provided when the RN does not directly observe the person performing the delegated task but should be easily contactable by phone or electronic devices when the need arises [Royal College of Nurses, Australia (RCNA) 2005].